A hematologist is a specialist in hematology, the science or study of blood, blood-forming organs and blood diseases. The medical aspect of hematology is concerned with the treatment of blood disorders and malignancies, including types of Amemia, Malaria, Dengue , hemophilia, leukemia, lymphoma and sickle-cell anemia. Hematology is a branch of internal medicine that deals with the physiology, pathology, etiology, diagnosis, treatment, prognosis and prevention of blood-related disorders.

Biochemists deals in mechanisms of Liver Function, Kidney Function, Heart, Brain function, etc… cellular multiplication and differentiation, communication within and between cells and organs, and the chemical bases of inheritance and disease. The biochemist seeks to determine how specific molecules such as proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, vitamins and hormones function in such processes. Particular emphasis is placed on regulation of chemical reactions in living cells.

Microbiologists study and their relevent medicine microbes, and some of the most important discoveries that have underpinned modern society have resulted from the research of famous microbiologists, such as Jenner and his vaccine against smallpox, Fleming and the discovery of penicillin, Marshall and the identification of the link between Helicobacter pylori infection and stomach ulcers, and zur Hausen, who identified the link between papilloma virus and cervical cancer.

Histopathology is an art of analyzing and interpreting the shapes, sizes and architectural patterns of cells and tissues within a given specific clinical background and a science by which the image is placed in the context of knowledge of pathobiology, to arrive at an accurate diagnosis. To function effectively and safely, all the procedures and activities of histopathology laboratory should be evaluated and monitored accurately.

The Cytopathology Laboratory diagnoses malignant and premalignant lesions and diseases on the microscopic level. Most common tests the lab processes and analysis is FNAC test and Pap test. The Pap test is one of the most successful cancer-screening tools ever developed, reducing deaths from cervical cancer by about 70 percent. Other specimens reviewed include body fluids and fine needle aspirations. The Cytopathology Laboratory performs testing on specimens from virtually any body site, including the lungs, thyroid and urinary tract.

Molecular diagnostics is a collection of techniques used to analyse biological markers in the genome and proteome—the individual’s genetic code and how their cells express their genes as proteins—by applying molecular biology to medical testing. The technique is used to diagnose and monitor disease, detect risk, and decide which therapies will work best for individual patients.

By analysing the specifics of the patient and their disease, molecular diagnostics offers the prospect of personalised medicine.

Serology has been used historically to confirm infections with bacteria, fungi, and viruses that are difficult to detect by other methods. The difficulty with serology is that some immunocompromised patients will not mount an adequate antibody response to infection, a significant increase in antibody titer may not be detected until weeks or months after the initial presentation, persistence of antibodies may make it difficult to differentiate between a recent and a past infection, and cross-reactions may compromise the specificity of the antibody response.